Monday, March 05, 2012

Understanding The 'Sneeze Effect'





Every time you flush the toilet, an invisible cloud of bacteria is projected out of the bowl to contaminate nearby surfaces.

Here is a little-known fact: Every time you flush the toilet, an invisible cloud of dirty water and fecal bacteria is projected out of the bowl to land on every exposed nearby surface. This includes the toilet seat, toilet paper, seat covers, handles and restroom floor up to an area of eight feet out. 

Not alarmed yet? This spread of bacteria can survive for up to 24 hours and cover the entire washroom in less than a minute.

This aerosol spray of bacteria all over the washroom with every flush was documented in a study by Dr Charles Gerba, and is known as the "Sneeze Effect."

The study found that large numbers of bacteria and viruses remain in the toilet bowl even after persistent flushing, due to the gradual absorption of micro-organisms into the porcelain surfaces of the bowl with each flush.

This results in a build-up of bacteria and viruses with regular usage, and the droplets produced subsequently by the flushing of toilets harbour these harmful bacteria and contaminate the surrounding area.

The detected to fall out onto restroom surfaces indicates they remain airborne long enough to settle on surfaces throughout the bathroom. Hence, there is a very real possibility that a person may acquire an infection from the aerosol produced by a toilet.

Germ hot-spots
Washrooms can contain harmful bacteria such as Salmonella, which can cause food poisoning; Streptococcus, which can cause throat infections; and Escherichia Coli, which is known to cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. 

Other commonly found bacteria include Hepatitis A and common cold and flu germs.
These bacteria can be found on the major 'hots-pots' of any washroom: toilet seats, walls, flush handles, taps, wash basins and door knobs.

The average person visits the toilet at least 3 times a day - that is about 1,200 times exposure to cross-contamination per year and thus potentially risk falling sick.

For public washrooms with heavy traffic, there is an increased risk of spreading unwanted viruses among the population.

Reduce the hygiene risks in your washroom
Washroom hygiene requires round the clock sanitation that can effectively prevent the spread of harmful bacteria.

Washrooms that are not sanitised properly become cross-contamination hot-spots that will quicken the spread of illness.

Read on below for pointers to how to keep your restroom germ-free.

Cubicle Hygiene
Invest in cubicle hygiene products such as toilet seat cleaners and surface sanitisers. Alcohol wipes and disinfectants work well, or simply use hot water and bleach.

Feminine Care
Ensure that you have a proper system in place for the disposal of feminine and nappy waste.

Floor Care
Protect the flooring with mats which can trap and retain dirt entering the washroom, as well as reducing slipping accidents.

Hand Hygiene
Bacteria often spreads into unwanted areas simply because people aren't washing their hands. After going to the loo, reduce the spread of disease and illness by engaging in some good hand hygiene.

Hand Dryers
Think of what the hand-dryer does, it sucks in air from the surrounding and blows it through a filter and onto your hands to dry it. Sure there is a warmer to warm the air, so that it drys your hands. 

Now think about where the warmer has been positioned, in the washroom itself. You have to remember that water (aka water mixed with urine) will evaporate into the air in a washroom. How else do you think the washrooms dry?

Now all this evaporate is circulating the air in the washroom. When you activate the dryer, the evaporate gets sucked into the hand-dryer and blown onto your hands. 

If you remove the filters from the hand-dryers, they are yellow. Why do you think they are yellow? Now think about that yellow filter, filtering air that blows onto your hands to dry it. 

Avoid using hand-dryers at all cost, and stick to a few pieces of paper towel to dry your hands.

Disgusting enough? 

Sunday, January 08, 2012

Why Do Freeways Come To A Stop?



It happens to most drivers a few times a year. You’re sailing along on the freeway when you’re forced to come to a stop, or at least a crawl. You can’t see why things are slowing around the bend – and when you get there, traffic is moving better.

Traffic planners call this a “shockwave.”

Here’s how it happens:
  1. Traffic is rolling along at 60 mph when someone slows to 50 mph. In this example, the driver in Car B does so to avoid hitting Car A, whose driver swerves at the last second to exit. 
  2. The next driver slows to 45 mph to maintain a safe distance from cars A and B.
  3. Drivers farther back see the brake lights and begin slowing down.
  4. The pattern continues, and more drivers apply their brakes until traffic comes to a crawl. By the time the rear of the jam catches up to where the shockwave began, the offending parties are long gone and there is no sign of what caused the problem.
These are the culprits who cause early morning traffic congestions at all the major roads. Traffic cams should look out for these inconsiderate drivers and take down their vehicle numbers. If they do it too often, they should fine them, charge them for it and deduct the fine at the next toll booth or ERP gantry!

Friday, January 06, 2012

Top 5 TV Series To Watch For in 2012

If you are still lamenting that 2011 has just whizzed by and all your favourite TV shows have ended, get over it and look forward to these exciting brand new television series -- or at least their second seasons -- to be shown in the U.S. this year.

Alcatraz (FOX)
Sarah Jones as detective Rebecca Madsen (YouTube Screenshot)
Sarah Jones as detective Rebecca Madsen (YouTube Screenshot)

With TV veteran J.J. Abrams as executive producer, this series revolving around the infamous  Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay area already has some cachet. American actress Sarah Jones plays the main protagonist, San Francisco Police Department homicide detective Rebecca Madsen. She needs to find a former prisoner, Jack Sylvane (played by Jeffrey Pierce) whose fingerprints were found at a crime scene despite the fact that he was supposed to be dead. What is more intriguing: he hasn't aged one bit after all these years. Alcatraz might remind viewers of the hugely popular Prison Break and Fringe. With seemingly similar plot and characters, Alcatraz has the potential to become the next television breakout series. In June 2011, it was honoured as "Most Exciting New Series" at the 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards.

American Horror Story Season 2 (FX)
FX network president with the cast and producers of American Horror Story (Getty Images)

FX network president with the cast and producers of American Horror Story (Getty Images)
Do not write this off thinking it is another cheesy American horror series just because it is from the creators of Glee. The initial plot for the first season was lazy and predictable.  It started off with the Harmon family moving into the haunted mansion because it was selling way cheaper than other properties in Los Angeles, where season 1 is based. Fortunately, the yawn factor ends there. The plot thickens with each new episode introducing previous owners whose spirits are still lingering in the mansion, haunting the current owners. With solid acting from the good-looking cast, riveting storyline and the sensual sex scenes, this series has redefined horror genre as sexy and provocative.  American Horror Story is also in contention for two Golden Globes Awards for Best Television Series and Best Supporting Actress in a television series.

Game of Thrones Season 2 (HBO)
A scene taken off Game of Thrones Season 2 (YouTube Screenshot)
A scene taken off Game of Thrones Season 2 Screenshot
 
The king of current HBO series with an impressive 13 Emmy Awards nominations, Game of Thrones has fans eagerly anticipating the second season debuting in April. The epic battle which broke out in season one has left viewers on edge over what will happen with the dragons, white walkers and civil war. It has been a while since television viewers have been treated with such clever storylines and well-executed fighting scenes. The plot for the second season may remain a mystery if you haven't read the second book in the series by George R. R. Martin, but it promises to be worth the wait.

Spartacus: Vengeance (Starz)
Spartacus played by Australian actor Liam Mcintyre (Getty Images)
Spartacus played by Australian actor Liam Mcintyre

The death of Andy Whitfield (who played the role of Spartacus in the first season) has not led to the series' downfall. It is still going strong with the third season premiering at the end of this month. The sequel to Spartacus: Blood and Sand will kick off with the gladiator rebellion that is causing fear in the Roman Republic. Spartacus (now played by Australian actor Liam McIntyre) will have to make a crucial decision to either save his army or take vengeance against the man who forced his wife to slavery, indirectly causing her death. The new season appears to follow the successful formula of its prequel with more sex, villains, heroes and heart-throbbing action.

Touch (FOX)
Kiefer Sutherland as Martin Bohm in Touch. (Getty Images)
Kiefer Sutherland as Martin Bohm in Touch
 
Alerting all Fans of Kiefer Sutherland and the critically acclaimed series 24. The Emmy award winner ditches his character as Jack Bauer and now plays Martin Bohm in this new series. Bohm, a single father, has an 11-year-old mute and autistic son, Jake, who is born with a special gift. He is able see the past, present and future. Unable to utter a word, Jake can only attempt to communicate to his father by writing random numbers hoping he can decipher what he has written in order to save people. Take note of the timing 0318 hrs as it is when strange occcurences happen. With a strong plot and starring the charismatic Sutherland, it is not surprising that Touch has garnered hype long before its premiere.